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![Academic Writing 2. Referring to sources]()
Academic Writing 2. Referring to sources
Referring to sourcesOne of the distinguishing features of academic writing is that it is informed by what is already known, what work has been done before, and/or what ideas and models have already be
2022-03-28 simyang 19
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![Academic Writing 1. Introducing work]()
Academic Writing 1. Introducing work
Introducing workThere are many ways to introduce an academic essay or short paper. Most academic writers, however, appear to do one or more of the following in their introductions:establish the contex
2022-03-28 simyang 12
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![General Function 1. Being cautious]()
General Function 1. Being cautious
One of the most noticeable stylistic aspects of academic communication is the tendency for writers to avoid expressing absolute certainty, where there may be a small degree of uncertainty, and to avoi
2022-03-28 simyang 11
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![General Function 11. Writing about the past]()
General Function 11. Writing about the past
Writing about the pastWriting about the past in English is made difficult by the rather complex tense system. However, the phrases grouped below give an indication of the uses of the main tenses in ac
2022-03-28 simyang 5
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![General Function 10. Signalling transition]()
General Function 10. Signalling transition
Signalling transitionPreviewing what is to follow in a paper or dissertation is like showing a map to a driver; it enables them to see where they are going. So it is useful to think of a preview secti
2022-03-28 simyang 2
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![General Function 9. Giving examples]()
General Function 9. Giving examples
Giving examplesWriters may give specific examples as evidence to support their general claims or arguments. Examples can also be used to help the reader or listener understand unfamiliar or difficult
2022-03-28 simyang 6
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![General Function 8. Explaining causality]()
General Function 8. Explaining causality
Explaining causalityA great deal of academic work involves understanding and suggesting solutions to problems. At postgraduate level, particularly in applied fields, students search out problems to st
2022-03-28 simyang 1
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![General Function 7. Describing quantities]()
General Function 7. Describing quantities
Describing quantitiesThe language for writing about quantities can be a complex area for non-native speakers because there are many combinations of short grammar words, such as prepositions and pronou
2022-03-28 simyang 1
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