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Academic Writing 6. Writing conclusions
Writing conclusionsConclusions are shorter sections of academic texts which usually serve two functions. The first is to summarise and bring together the main areas covered in the writing, which might
2022-03-28 simyang 6
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Academic Writing 5. Discussing findings
Discussing findingsThe term ‘discussion’ has a variety of meanings in English. In academic writing, however, it usually refers to two types of activity: a) considering both sides of an issue, or quest
2022-03-28 simyang 4
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Academic Writing 4. Reporting results
Reporting resultsThe standard approach to this section of a research article or dissertation is to present and describe the results in a systematic and detailed way. When reporting qualitative results
2022-03-28 simyang 13
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Academic Writing 3. Describing methods
Describing methodsIn the Methods section of a dissertation or research article, writers give an account of how they carried out their research. The Methods section should be clear and detailed enough
2022-03-28 simyang 1
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![Academic Writing 2. Referring to sources]()
Academic Writing 2. Referring to sources
Referring to sourcesOne of the distinguishing features of academic writing is that it is informed by what is already known, what work has been done before, and/or what ideas and models have already be
2022-03-28 simyang 17
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![Academic Writing 1. Introducing work]()
Academic Writing 1. Introducing work
Introducing workThere are many ways to introduce an academic essay or short paper. Most academic writers, however, appear to do one or more of the following in their introductions:establish the contex
2022-03-28 simyang 11
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![General Function 1. Being cautious]()
General Function 1. Being cautious
One of the most noticeable stylistic aspects of academic communication is the tendency for writers to avoid expressing absolute certainty, where there may be a small degree of uncertainty, and to avoi
2022-03-28 simyang 10
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![General Function 11. Writing about the past]()
General Function 11. Writing about the past
Writing about the pastWriting about the past in English is made difficult by the rather complex tense system. However, the phrases grouped below give an indication of the uses of the main tenses in ac
2022-03-28 simyang 4
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